小学3一6年英语语法(小学三年级英语语法知识点3篇)
本文目录
- 小学三年级英语语法知识点3篇
- 3~6年级英语重点句型及语法是什么
- 小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子
- 小学英语语法有哪些
- 3~6年级英语重点句型及语法有哪些
- 请问小学各个年级英语语法分别是哪些
- 小学三年级,四年级,五年级和六年级英语分别都讲哪些语法并详细举例说明一下,谢谢!
- 小学三至六年级的语法归纳(紧急,英语高手进)
小学三年级英语语法知识点3篇
【 #小学英语# 导语】英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。以下是 无 整理的《小学三年级英语语法知识点3篇》相关资料,希望帮助到您。
【篇一】小学三年级英语语法知识点
一、否定句:
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
二、一般疑问句。
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。 三、特殊疑问句。
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何对划线部分提问: 1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用汉语进行提问。
如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?
3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。
如上句When is his birthday ?
四、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
【篇二】小学三年级英语语法知识点
1. 名词单复数:
英语中名词分可数与不可数名词:
①能用数目来计算的叫可数名词,有单、复数两种形式,复数形式多数是在词尾加“s”如:pens, books;
②不可数名词是无法用数目来计算的名词,如:milk, juice.
2.用情态动词can的用法
①“can’t”是“cannot”的缩写。
She can’t sing. He can’t dance.
② can 等情态动词后,用动词原形
She can dance.
He can swim.
【篇三】小学三年级英语语法知识点
情态动词can
can 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词,表示“能够”, “会”, “能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上 not为can not,或者缩写为can’t。问别人“能…吗?”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。
例句:
—I can swing.I can draw. —She can jump.He can play .
—We can touch .They can run. —I can’t sing.You can’t see.
—She can’t dance.He can’t hear a car. —We can’t hear an aeroplane.
—Can you hear a dog?Can he hear a bus? —Can Lucy write?Can you do it?
3~6年级英语重点句型及语法是什么
3~6年级英语重点句型:
1、人称代词中的主格、宾格、形容词物主代词、名词性物主代词,例如 I me my mine/we us our ours。
2、使用基数词与序数词,例如one-first,two-second,twenty-twentienth。
3、be动词的用法:基础用法是am/is/are;肯定和否定am/am not,is/isn’t,are/aren’t。一般疑问句,例如Is this dog fat。
4、记住一些祈使句,例如Sit down,please。
重点句子:
1 、Who’s your art teacher ?你的美术教师是谁?
Mr Hu .胡先生。
2 、What’s he like ?他长得如何?
He’s short and thin .他又矮又瘦。
3 、Is she young ? 她是年轻的吗?
Yes ,she is ./No ,she isn’t .是的,她是。/不,她不是。
4 、Do you have new teachers ?你有新老师吗?
Yes ,I have .是的,我有。
5、 It’s for our art teacher .这个是为我们美术教师的。
小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子
小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子 篇1
一、大写字母的运用
1.句首第一个字母大写。
2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。
3.星期、月份的首字母大写。
4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位,首字母大写。
5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等,首字母大写或全大写。
6.句中要强调的部分通常全大写。
7.诗的每一行首字母要大写。
二、与字母发音相同的单词
如:Bb-bee,Cc-see/sea,Rr-are,Tt-tea,Ii-I/eye,Oo-oh,Uu-you,Yy-why.
三、缩略形式
如:I’m = I am,
you’re = you are,
she’s = she is/she has,
won’t=will not,
can’t =can not,
isn’t=is not,let’s = let us.
四、同音异形词
如:to/too/two,
their/there,
right/write,
pair/pear,
four/for,
know/no,
sun/son.
五、反义词
如:day-night,
come-go,
yes-no,
up-down,
big-small.
short-longtall,
fat-thin,
low-high,
slow-fast,
六、名词复数的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加s,
如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.
2.以s,x,sh,ch 结尾,加es,
如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.
3.以辅音字母加y 结尾,变y 为i,再加es,
如:family-families,hobby-hobbies.
4.以f 或fe 结尾,变f 或fe 为v,再加es,
如:thief-thieves,knife-knives.
5.以o 结尾,加es,
如:mango-mangoes.
加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.
6.不规则变化,
如:man-men,
woman-women,
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth.
7.不可数名词
有:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,rice 等。
(不可数名词 相对应的be 动词是is/was)
七、名词所有格
表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。
名词所有格的构成有以下规 则:
1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加’s 构成。
如:Tom’s book
2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’。
如:our teachers’ books
3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。
如:Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom
八、a,an 和the的用法
1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音:a book,a peach,a “U”.
单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg,an hour,an “F”.
2.the 要注意的`:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。
小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子 篇2
1.allow sb to do sth允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)
My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
2.asked sb (not) to do sth叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
My father asked me to study hard.
He asked me not to swim alone.
be asked to do sth被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事
I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.
3.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
She is afraid to ask me questions.
4.be afaid of doing sth害怕做某事
I am afraid of going out at night.
5.be afaid of sth害怕某物
He is afraid of snakes.
6.be amazed to do sth对做某事感到惊讶
He was amazed to meet the girl there.
be amazed at sth对某事感到惊讶
they were amazed at the news.
7.be busy doing/with sth忙于做某事(常考)
I was busy washing my car at that time.那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子.
I am busy with my work.
8.becoming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)
the bus is coming/the dog is dying.
9.be excited to do sth对做……感到兴奋
Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.
be excited at sth
Lily was excited at his words.
be excited about doing sth
he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.
10.be frightened to do sth害怕去做某事
Sam is frightened to ride a horse.
11.be glad/happy to do sth高兴去做某事
She is happy to clean theblackboard with me.
be pleased to do sth高兴做某事
She was pleased to helpthe old man yesterday.
be pleased with sth对某事感到高兴/满意
The teacher was pleasedwith my answer.
12.be interested in sth/doing sth对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣
She is interested inswimming in the river.
My btother is interestedin Chinese.
13.be/get ready for/to do sth
be ready for为某事做好了准备
We are ready for the exam.
Be ready to do sth为做某事做好了准备
We are ready to have a birthday party for her.
get ready for sth为某事在做准备
We are getting ready for the exam.
14.be surprised to do sth对做某事感到惊奇
be surprised at sth对某事感到惊奇
This is nothing to be surprised at.
I‘d be surprised to see him on such an occasion.
15.be worth doing sth值得做某事(worth后接动词-ing形式,常考)
It was too remote to be worth thinking about.
16.开始去做某事begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth
When do children begin to go to school?
17.can/be able to afford (to buy) sth有能力负担(购买)……
At this rate we won‘t be able to afford a holiday.
18.can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth
We may come at another time.
19.can‘t wait todo sth迫不急待地去做某事
I can’t wait to hear the news.
20.decide to do sth决定去做某事
make up one‘s mind to do sth下决心去做某事(常考)
make a decision to do sth对做某事作出决定
What do they decide to do?
I have made up my mind to go with him
21.deserve to do sth值得/应该做……
We must admit that she did deserve to win.
22.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
Encourage them to do some other helpful recreations.
23.enjoy doing sth喜欢去做某事
I enjoy reading the story book
24.expect (sb) to do sth期望去做某事
Don‘t expect him to help you.
25.fail to do sth做某事失败
succeed doing sth成功做了某事
If you don‘ t work,you willfail to pass the exam.
26.finish doing sth做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考)
After finish doing your homework,you can have a rest.
27.follow sb to do sth跟随某人去做某事
Follow me to read the new words.
28.get sb to do sth / make sb do sth/ let sb do st让某人做某事(后接动词原形)
Her jokes made us laugh.
29.get/have a chance to do sth得到一个做某事的机会
I‘m very happy to have a chance to visit your school.
30.give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb
buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb
Please give me a piece of paper.
I bought him a drink in return for his help.
31.go on to do sth /go on doing sth继续做事(常考)
Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.
32.hate to do/doing sth讨厌/不喜欢做某事
Ihate to tell the news to you.
33.have fun doing sth做某事很有趣
Have fun getting to know each other.
34.have problems doing sth做某事遇到困难
Many people have problems getting to sleep at night.
35.have sb do sth/have sth done让某人做某事
This is the best work you have ever done.
36.hear sb do sth听到某人做某事(后接动词原形,常考)
hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事(常见)
I heard someone laughing.
37.help to do sth帮忙做某事
help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
I‘ll help you clean the room.
38.hope/wish to do sth希望做某事
wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事
I wish to take this opportunity to thank you all.
39.It seems that这像是……(后接从句)
seem to do sth
seem +adj
It‘seems that you are lying.
Does that seem to make sense?
40.It‘s + adj+(for sb) to do sth.
It‘s+adj +(of sb) to do sth
It‘s glad for him to hear the news.
41.It takes sb sometime/money to do sth .花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
It takes me an hour to walk there and back.
42.pay …for… cost spend…on…..it take …to do sth花费
He paid for it out of his own pocket.
小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子 篇3
一、短语:
1、that little girl那个小女孩
2、(be) so short如此矮
3、(be)so cute如此可爱
4、(be)very naughty非常淘气
5、a little chick 一只小鸡
6、two big red hens两只大红母鸡
二、句型:
1、Who are they,Lingling?They are my grandparents.玲玲。他们是谁?他们是我的祖父母。
【Who是对人进行提问,也就是对第二句的中的my grandparents的提问。】
再如:Who is that little boy?It`s Tom.那个小男孩是谁?是汤姆。
练习:那个小女孩是谁?是我。
2、They are my grandparents.They were young,then.他们是我的祖父母。他们那时是年轻的。
【这两个句子的结构是“主语(代词、名词)+be(amisarewaswere)+表语(名词、形容词等)”表语是说明主语身份、特征的。】
再如:They are old.他们是年老的。
练习:她那时是胖的,她现在是瘦的。
3、I was two,then.我那时两岁了。
【主语+be+年龄】
练习:我那时三岁了,我现在11岁了。
4、But your hair was so short.但是(那时)你的头发是如此的短。
【在形容词前可以加上“so、very等副词”】
再如:You were so cute.你如此可爱。
练习:她那时也非常淘气。
5、She was fat.Now she`s thin.她(那时)胖,她现在瘦了。
【第一个句子是说明过去的事,be用过去式(was、were);第二个句子是说明现在的事,用一般现在时be(am、is、are)】
练习:他(那时)矮,他现在高。
他们(那时)年轻,现在他们上年纪了(年老了)。
6、They weren`t old then .They were young.那时他们不上年纪,他们年轻。
【这两个句子是同义句,划线部分是一对反义词,第一个句子用否定句,第二个句子用肯定句。】
练习:
她那时不高,她是(很)矮。
他那时不淘气。他是可爱的。
它那是不胖。它是瘦的。
7、Was it fat ?No,it wasn`t.It was thin.它胖吗?不,它不胖。它是瘦的。
【这是be的一般过去时的一般疑问句,是把be的形式(was、were)提到句首。注意答语。用“yes、no回答后,再用一个反义词的肯定句回答。”】
练习:他们年轻吗?不,不是的。他们年老了。
他淘气吗?不,不是的。他是可爱的。
Keys:
1、Who is that little girl?It`s me.
2、She was fat,then.She`s thin now.
3、I was three,then.I am 11 now.
4、Then she was very naughty,too.
5、He was short,he is tall now.They were young,they are old now.
6、She wasn`t tall then.She was short.He wasn`t naughty then.He was cute.It wasn`t fat then.It was thin.
7、Were they young?No,they weren`t.They were old.Was he naughty? No,he wasn`t.He was cute.
小学英语三至六年级重点词汇和句子 篇4
动词 :
1.tell
2.clean
3.finish
4.wash
5.learn
6.invent
7.print
8.climb
9.skate
10.break
11.cry
12.practise
13.win
14.happen
15.ride
形容词:
1.important
2.dirty
3.angry
4.gold
5.thirsty
名词:
1.dancing
2.yesterday
3.NationalDay
4.paper
5.printing
6.bicycle
7.theGreatWall
8.mountain
9.ice-skating
10.gold
11.food
12.monster
13.cup
14.watermelon
15.knee
16.finger
17.matter
18.medicine
19.toothache
20.fever
副词 :
1.soon
2.still
3.also
4.only
5.away
小学英语语法有哪些
1、现在进行时用型:主语在句首,am is are 跟在后,现在分词跟着走,其他成分不可丢。表示动作正进行,句中now时间定。一般问句,把be提到句前去。否定句式也简单,be后只把not添。
2、特殊疑问句:What用途广,要问“什么”它当先。(What’s this?)。How开头来“问安”。(How are you?)。Who 问“谁”。(Who’s that man?)。“谁的”Whose来承担。(Whose eraser is this?。询问“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)。“哪一个”which句首站。(which one?)
3、动词加s或es:动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s。s,x,ch,sh在词尾,直接加上es。词尾若是字母o,加上es不用愁。“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i是正规。—es后边紧跟随,study——studies看明白。
4、to be句型:用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等,描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等。
5、一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。
6、将来时:教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和be going to句型,主要以be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。
3~6年级英语重点句型及语法有哪些
口诀:
1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词,以判断是否使用非谓语动词。(高中学习中,一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语,如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语)
2、判断语态,根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态)
3、判断时态,根据动作的先后关系等,判断应该使用的时态。
一、不定式
常用句式有:
1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
如:It’s nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
二、动名词
动名词的形式:Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
1、一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2、被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3、完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4、完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5、否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
6、复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
三、现在分词
现在分词:现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
1.现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
2.现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
四、过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求。
1、过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
2、过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
3、过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
4、过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
请问小学各个年级英语语法分别是哪些
太多了啊~就列举一些吧~1.人称代词主格: I we you she he it they宾格: me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i,再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化:well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式Most nouns + s a book –booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—storiesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he isit’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour 7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one – first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.11. there be 结构肯定句: There is a …There are …一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDon’t sit down, please.13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词 —ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walk—walkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing come—comingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。肯定句:I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening. 15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。eg:1. I / He / She / They can sing.2.You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般过去时态(a) be 动词的过去式:I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。(b) 动词过去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.He didn’t make model ships last week.(3)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studiedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped不规则动词的变化:is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?How much is the toy bear?
小学三年级,四年级,五年级和六年级英语分别都讲哪些语法并详细举例说明一下,谢谢!
小学语法总结:时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则 一般现在时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es 现在进行时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed2. 以e结尾的词加-d3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed 一般将来时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrowthe day after tomorrow/the next day/Monday…at the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形 be +形容词 凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形 二、名词的复数。 名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词. 可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children, 三、形容词的比较级、最高级。 形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.good-better-best 四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”; 否定 过去 否定am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ------ was --------- wasn’tis ------- isn’t (第三人称) are ------were --------- weren’tare------aren’t (you和其它人称) 2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词; 否定 过去 过去否定do -----don’t ------did---------didn’tdoes(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t 五.人称代词主语 物主代词 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六.特殊疑问词 What is this? What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is the country like? What is she/he/ What do you like? What What does he do? What do you have for…? What colour…? What class…? What grade…? What time…? What day…? What do/does/did+…? How are you? How old…? How How many…? How much…? How long…? How do/does/did+…? Which +n.+ (be动词/助动词)+…?Whose+ n.+ (be动词/助动词)+…?Where+ v. (be动词/助动词)+sb. +…?When +v. (be动词/助动词)+ sb.+…?Who +v. (be动词/助动词/行为动词)+sb.+…?Why +v. (be动词/助动词)+ sb. +…?※有can, will, must这几个词的句子,所有的句型转换都在此词变化动词的时态 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I don’t want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 返回动词的时态目录 11.2 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’。例如:I’d rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗? 返回动词的时态目录 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It’s 69568442. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。 返回动词的时态目录 11.4 一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 返回动词的时态目录 11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如: If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 返回动词的时态目录 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排) 返回动词的时态目录 11.7 一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 返回动词的时态目录 11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如: I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗? 返回动词的时态目录 11.9 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。 返回动词的时态目录 11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
小学三至六年级的语法归纳(紧急,英语高手进)
1, ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字?----My name is ________. ----我叫……。2, ----How old are you? ----你几岁了?----I’m 12. ----我十二岁。II 询问颜色。1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的?----It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间。2, ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的?----They’re green. ----绿色的。III 询问数量或价钱。1, ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝?----I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝。2, ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔?----I have 16. ----我有十六支。3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人?----Three. ----三口人。4, ----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱?----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。5, ----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱?----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。IV 询问时间或日期。1, ----What time is it now? ----现在几点钟?----It’s nine o’clock.. It’s time for English class. ----九点。该上英语课了。(----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed.) (----八点。该上床睡觉了。)2, ----What day is it today? ----今天星期几?----It’s Monday. ----星期一。(----What do we have on Mondays? (----我们星期一上哪些课?----We have Chinese, English, math …) ----语文、英语、数学……)3, ----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候?----It’s October 1st, our National Day. ----十月一日,国庆节。4, ----When do you do morning exercises? ----你们什么时候做早锻炼?----I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. ----我们通常8:30做早锻炼。V 询问方位或地方。1, ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽车在哪儿?----It’s here, under the chair. ----在这儿,在椅子下面。2, ----Where is the canteen? ----餐厅在哪儿?----It’s on the first floor. ----在一楼。3, ----Where are the keys? ----钥匙在哪儿?----They’re in the door. ----在门上。4, ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----对不起,请问图书馆在哪儿?----It’s near the post office. ----在邮局附近。5, ----Where are you from? ----你从哪儿来?----I’m from China. ----我从中国来。6, ----Where does the rain come from? ----雨是从哪儿来的?----It comes from the clouds. ----它是从云层里来的。VI 询问想吃的东西。1, ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么?----I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2, ----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁。VII 询问天气状况。1, ----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何?----It’s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。纽约呢?----It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天,天气很热。VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。1, ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何?----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服。2, ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了?----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----我的喉咙疼。3, ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ----你好吗,莎拉?你看起来这么伤心。----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过。IX 询问职业、身份或人物。1, ----What’s your father / mother? ----你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的?----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher. ----他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2, ----What does you mother / father do? ----你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的?----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.----她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3, ----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁?----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. ----他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4, ----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁?----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5, ----Who’s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁?----Miss Wang. ----王老师。----What’s she like? ----她长什么样儿?----She’s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条。X 询问兴趣、喜好。1, ----What’s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么?----Fish / orange juice. ----鱼。 / 橙汁。2, ----What’s your favourite season? ----你最喜欢的季节是什么?----Winter. ----冬天。(----Which season do you like best? (----你最喜欢哪个季节? ----Winter.) ----冬天。)----Why do you like winter? ----你为什么喜欢冬天?----Because I can make a snowman. ----因为可以堆雪人。3, ----What’s your hobby? ----你的爱好是什么?----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜欢集邮。----What’s his hobby? ----他的爱好是什么?----He likes riding a bike. ----他喜欢骑自行车。4, ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜欢吃桃子吗?----Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ----喜欢。/ 不喜欢。XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。1, ----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----你星期六 / 周末一般做什么?----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. ----我通常做作业,有时候踢足球。XII 询问正在做的事情。1, ----What are you doing? ----你在做什么?----I’m doing the dishes. ----我在洗盘子。2, ----What’s your father doing? ----你父亲正在做什么?----He’s writing an e-mail. ----他正在写电子邮件。3, ----What’s Mike doing? ----迈克正在干什么?----He’s watching insects. ----他正在观察昆虫。4, ----What’s the tiger doing? ----那只老虎在干什么?----It’s running. ----它在奔跑。5, ----What are the elephants doing? ----那些大象在干什么?----They’re drinking. ----它们正在喝水。XIII 询问将要做的事情。1, ----What are you going to do? ----你准备做什么?----I’m going to the cinema. ----我准备去看电影。----When are you going to do? ----你准备什么时候去?----This afternoon. ----今天下午。2, ----Where are you going this afternoon? ----今天下午你准备到哪儿去?----I’m going to the bookstore. ----我准备到书店去。----What are you going to buy? ----你打算买点儿什么?----I’m going to buy a comic book. ----我准备买本漫画书。
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