初中英语的八大时态的一张表（初中英语的八大时态的一张表）

本文目录

• 初中英语的八大时态的一张表
• 请问英语时态有8种还是16种详细说说在句中的用法
• 英语八大时态总结表
• 初中英语的8种时态和被动语态的时态标志分别有哪些
• 英语的八种时态详解谁能帮忙发一下.
• 英语时态有几种时态请详细举例说明在句中的用法
• 初中英语8种基本时态
• 英语的八大时态标志词及结构表是什么

初中英语的八大时态的一张表

初中英语中的八个基本时态，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

时态是一种动词形式，表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。

时态在句子中的用法：

1、在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。

2、时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。

3、有些语言，没有时态的使用，如分析语的中文，但必要时，仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言，如日文，形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯，有着类似动词的时态性质。

请问英语时态有8种还是16种详细说说在句中的用法

参照上表，由第1列至第4列（竖着看）对应的16种时态分别是：

1.     一般现在时，例句： We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。

2.     现在进行时，例句：I am playing computer games now.我正在打电脑游戏。

3.     现在完成时，例句：She has been to New York twice. 她已经去过纽约两次。

4.     现在完成进行时，例句：He has been teaching math for 10 years.他已经教数学10年了。

5.     一般过去时，例句：I bought 2 comic books yesterday.昨天我买了2本漫画书。

6.     过去进行时，例句：We were playing basketball at 6 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午6点我们正在打篮球。

7.     过去完成时，例句：The train had already left by the time I got to the station.在我到达车站前，火车就已经离开了。

8.     过去完成进行时，例句：At last he got the offer from the university he had been expecting.他终于收到了期盼已久的大学录取通知书。

9.     一般将来时，例句：I will go to Kunming tomorrow.我明天将会去昆明。

10.  将来进行时，例句：I will be doing my homework this time tomorrow.

明天的这个时候我正在做作业。

11.  将来完成时，例句：By this time next year, I will have graduated from the university. 到明年这个时候，我已经从大学毕业了。

12.  将来完成进行时，例句：By the time the sun rises, I shall have been sleeping for nine hours.太阳升起来之前，我已经睡了9个小时了。

13.  过去将来时，例句：I knew that she would be late.我知道她会迟到。

14.  过去将来进行时，例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

15.  过去将来完成时（较少使用），例句：He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the weekend. 他说将在周末前还我钱。

16.  过去将来完成进行时（很少使用）【表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。】，例句：He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. 他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。

英语八大时态总结表

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，我们在实际运用时，往往对时态倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态的用法。

一般现在时

概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

一般过去时

1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态

eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.

2.表过去经常发生的事情

eg I was very thin in my childhood.

3.带有确定的过去的时间状语

eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.

现在进行时

1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作

eg They are having a football match.

2.现阶段一直在进行的动作

eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.

3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等

eg She is often doing well at school.

4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作

eg Are you staying here till next week?

过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：was/were + doing

4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

现在完成时

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构：have/has + done

否定形式：have/has + not +d one.

一般疑问句：have或has。

过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.

3.基本结构：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

一般将来时

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

过去将来时态 

表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到―现在;而仅限于―过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：  

1.结构 

a)would/should+动词原形       

 b)was/were going to+动词原形 

2.用法 

1)、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。

2)、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只能用would。

3)表示过去情况中的―愿望、―倾向，多用于否定句。

初中英语的8种时态和被动语态的时态标志分别有哪些

1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如： 1)The moon moves round the earth.. (2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. (3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. (4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如： Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如： 1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”) 2.过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3.将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1.现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1)I haven’t been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978. (3)完成时态可用在下列结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2.过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3.将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 四：时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是： 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.” “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如： We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2.被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时?SPAN lang=EN-US》 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked 3.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如： get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 (1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如： 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) 3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) (2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如： 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 (1)The novel was well written.(系表结构) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1：The book is selling remarkably well. 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例5：The book written by the professor is printing.在英语中被动语态分时态,我给你举些例子: (1)一般现在时:This song is often sung by children.孩子们常唱这首歌. (2)一般过去时:This house was built in 1958.这房子建于1958年. (3)一般将来时:Many buildings will be built in my home town.在我的家乡,许多大楼将要建成. (4)过去将来时:The old scientist said that he would be invited to vist their country before long.那位老科学家说不久他将应邀访问他们的国家. (5)现在进行时:The proposal is being considered now.正在考虑这个提案. (6)过去进行时:Mr Wu was in hospital .When we went to see him,he was being operated on.吴先生住院了.我们去看他时,他正在动手术. (7)现在完成时:Have the letters been posted ?信已经寄出去了吗? (8)过去完成时:He came and told us that the work had been finished.他来告诉我们,工作已经完成. (9)将来完成时:By the end of this year,the tall building will have been built.到今年年底,这幢高楼将建成. (10)过去将来时:The boy told mother that his homework have been finished by ten o’clock.男孩告诉妈妈到10:00他将做完作业.

英语的八种时态详解谁能帮忙发一下.

英语八大时态英语动词的时态 1． 一般现在时 一般现在时的形式 是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下： 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes 以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I,再加-es Tries, carries 但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下： 一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化 I know it I am a student I have a pen. You know it. You are a student You have a pen He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens. 一般现在时的功用 1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作： Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Excuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 o’clock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing. 2. 表示客观事实或者真理： Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun. 3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如： What time does the film begin? The football match starts at 8 o’clock. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如： Where do you come from? I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人. Where do you come from? I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人?我是广州人. 5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如： What does that notice say? What does Ann say in her letter? She says she’s coming to Beijing next week. Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.” 莎士比亚说：“既不要向人借钱,也不要借钱给别人.” 一般过去时 一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态,它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一. 1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式： 规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked 以字母e结尾的规则动词,只加-d: to love---loved 对所有人称均无词形变化. 否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成 I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成 拼写注意： 情况 变化 例词 动词为单音节,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted 以y结尾的动词,在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried 以y 结尾的动词,在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed 在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的,这类动词被称为不规则动词.总数大概不过200多个,但是使用频率很高.主要分成三类： 1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形,如： cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意,有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式,如： bet bet / betted bet / betted wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形,如： bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE) lead led led 3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同,如： 原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同,如： come came come become became become run ran run 一般过去时的功用 1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如： He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间,但是现在不在那里工作了). They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing? 2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动,如： When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University. Where have you been? I’ve been to the opera. Did you enjoy it? 3) 表示过去的习惯 He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine. 现在完成时 现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked? He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked? We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked? 紧缩形式 现在完成时的功用 现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态.它与现在有密切联系,如： ------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name. 和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now. ------Fort has gone to Canada. 和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now. 1) 表示延续到现在的动作 （有时是总计做了多少次等）. How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times. Tom has lived in Now York all his life. 2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动,如： I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了.（说话时刻已经见到了） This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了) 3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,如： The window has broken. 4) 和最高级连用,表示到现在为止是最……的 What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen. Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read. 5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用,如： This is the first time he has driven a car. (相当于 he has never driven a car before.) Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital? Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it. 6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用,如： Have you ever eaten French cheese? We have never had a private car. Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止) Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch. Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you? I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快) 7）与since 连用,since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用,表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”,它总是与完成时连用,如： She has been here since 6 o’clock. He hasn’t been himself since the accident. （那次事故后,他从未完全康复） Since I was a child I have lived in England. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 1） 过去时仅仅表示过去,现在完成时还表示与现在的关系,如： He has lost his key. He lost his key. 2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时 The Chinese invented printing. Shakespear wrote Hamlet. 3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间,就不能用现在完成时,如： Did you see the film on television last night? Tom lost his key yesterday. 询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时,如： What time did they arrive? When and where were you born? 比较： Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午) Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午) Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住 Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了 I have never played golf in my life. I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer. 现在进行时 现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working? 现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意： 情况 变化 例词 动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing 动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping 动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting 以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying 现在进行时的功用 1） 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作 Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying. Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more. 2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的. 3）表示最近的确定的安排 Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15. Are you meeting her at the station? I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning. 以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示.但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制.在此,切不可用will, 如： Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married. 4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如： Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always doing homework. 有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时.例如,我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有： want like hate know see hear believe understand seem think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （拥有）belong To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受 Do you like Beijing? Do you see the rainbow? I remember him very well. I think I understand what he wants. 一般现在时和现在进行时的比较 一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情 现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如： Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的? What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么? 一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如： My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years. She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment. 过去进行时 过去进行时的构成形式为： I / he /she was We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词 过去进行时的功用 1） 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作,如： When I rang him up, he was having dinner. This time last year I was living in Shanghai. What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? 2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用,表示在一个动作发生的过程中,发生了另一个动作,如： It was raining when I got up. I fell asleep when I was watching television. 3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的,而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成,如： Tom was cooking the dinner. Tom cooked the dinner. 现在完成进行时 其构成形式如下： I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 过去将来时 构成 　　一般过去将来时是由"should/would + 动词原形"构成的. 　　He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 　　昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎. 　　They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. 　　他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业. 用法 　　一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态. 　　①一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中 　　He said they would arrange a party. 　　他说他们将安排一个晚会. 　　I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 　　我问他是否来帮我修电视机. 　　②一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 　　If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 　　如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去剑桥大学. 　　I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 　　今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了. 过去将来时间其他表达法 　　①was/were going to + 动词原形 　　He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired. 　　他说他退休后要住在农村. 　　They thought it was going to rain. 　　他们认为天要下雨了. 　　②was/were + 动词-ing形式 　　Nobody knew whether the guests were coming. 　　没人知道客人们是否要来. 　　I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes. 　　我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了. 　　③was/were + 动词不定式 　　She said she was to clean the classroom after school. 　　她说她放学后要打扫教室. 　　It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River. 　　据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥. 注意： 　　"was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作. 　　Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 　　上星期天我们本想去游览长城的,但却下雨了.（没有去成） 　　I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 　　我是打算帮忙演出的,但前天我感冒了.（没有帮上忙） 　　④was/were about to do 　　"was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作. 　　I felt something terrible was about to happen. 　　我觉得有可怕的事要发生了. 　　⑤was/were on the point of doing 　　I’m glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now. 　　很高兴你来了.我正准备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了. 提示： 　　"be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接when引导的分句. 　　I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 　　我正要动身天突然下雨了. 一般将来时 A. will, shall表示一般将来时 一般将来时由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成.一般来说,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称.但在现代英语中,shall常被will 所代替,可以说I will go和 We will go. 一般将来时的用法 1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.如next week, tomorrow, this evening, in a month, after class, very soon等.如： I will go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午我要去游泳. 2. 表示将来经常发生的动作.如： From now on, I will come for the newspaper every Monday. 从现在起我将每星期一来取报纸. B. be going to表示一般将来时 “be going to + 动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事. 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 +其他 I’m going to play football this afternoon. 今天下午我打算踢足球. 否定句 主语 + am / is / are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 The boys aren’t going to stay at home and watch TV tomorrow. 那些男孩子们明天不准备呆在家里看电视. 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 +其他? Are they going to swim this afternoon? 他们今天下午要去游泳吗?

英语时态有几种时态请详细举例说明在句中的用法

时态（Tense）是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生时间（Time）和体态（Aspect）。所谓体态是指动作发生的方式或事物所处的状态。英语不同于汉语，表示动作发生在什么时间和以何种体态发生，主要是通过谓语动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中，表示动作发生的时间有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来；表示动作发生的体态也有四种：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。时间和体态的结合就构成了时态。英语有16种时态（见下表）。但是较常用的只有十种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和现在完成进行时。

8.1 —般现在时

1. 表示习惯性的动作；讲话时，人或事物的特性或状态；以及客观真理等

谓语动词：除第三人称单数需要在动词后加-s外，其余人称均用原 形动词（be和have动词随着人称的不同有特殊形式）。该时态常跟有一个含有频度或现在概念的状语，如：always，never，every day等。例如：

We get up at six every morning. （习惯性动作）我们每天早上六点钟起床。

Everyone is in high spirits. （现在所处状态）大家都情绪高涨

Light travels more quickly than sound. （客观事实）光比声运行得更快。

2. 用于时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时

例如：

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. 如果明天是晴天，我们将去野餐。

When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志来。

3. 与某些具有“出发，到达”等含义的动词连用，表示按计划将要发生的动作

常用的这部分词包括：arrive，be，begin，go，leave，start，stay等。例如：

The delegation arrives in Beijing this afternoon.代表团将于今天下午到达。

There is a new film tonight.今天晚上有一个新电影。

4. 用于报刊的新闻标题中

例如：

Algerian Troops Fire on Anti-government Rioters 阿尔及利亚部队向反政府暴乱者开火

Wildlife Flourishes in Jilin Reserves 吉林保护区野生动物兴旺

8.2 —般过去时

表示过去某时间的动作或状态。谓语动词用过去式：规则动词的过去式是在原形动词后加-ed或-d；不规则动词的变化形式需要记忆（参见附录一）。该时态常跟有一个表示过去时间的状语，如：then，at that time，just now，three days ago，或一个由when，while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。例如：

The children went out just now. （不规则动词）孩子们刚才出去了。

She died ten years ago. （规则动词）她十年前就去世了。

8.3 —般将来时（Future Indefinite Tense）

表示相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况。谓语形式是shall或will加动词原形。（在英国第一人称用shall，其他人称用will；在美国各种人称均用will。）这种时态，通常跟有一个表示将来的时间状语，如soon，next week，tomorrow等。例如：

Next month, my sister will be nineteen. 下个月我妹妹将是十九岁了。

I will (或shall) return you the book as soon as possible. 我将尽快地把书还给你。

8.4 一般过去将来时（Past Future Indefinite Tense）

表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况。多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。其形式由will或shall的过去式would或should加原形动词构成。例如：

He said that he would get married soon. 他说他不久就要结婚了。

I asked him when he would come here again. 我问他何时再到这儿来。

He said that he was going to try again. 他说他要再试试。

8.5 现在进行时

由be的适当形式(am, is, are) +现在分词构成。主要用于：

1. 表示说话时，或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。

例如：

They are making an experiment now. 他们正在进行一个实验。

Professor Wang is attending a conference in Paris 王教授正在巴黎参加一个会议。

2. 表示一个按计划即将发生的动作。

但仅适用少数动词而且常跟有一个时间状语。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive等。例如：

He is coming here next week and is staying here until August.

他将在下星期到这儿来，并且一直待到八月。

8.6 过去进行时

表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。谓语形式：由was (were) +现在分词构成。通常有一个表示过去时间的状语。例如：

We were talking about you a moment ago. 我们刚才谈到你呢。

I was playing the piano when she came in. 她进来的时候，我正在弹钢琴。

8.7 将来进行时

谓语形式：由shall或will + be +现在分词构成。

1. 主要表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

例如：

What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候，你在干什么？

We will be having a meeting from 3 to 4 this afternoon. 今天下午三点到四点，我们要开会。

2. 有时也可表示预料不久就要发生或势必要发生的动作。

例如：

I believe he’ll be coming soon.我想他马上就会到的。

I will be seeing a friend off this afternoon. 今天下午我要去送一个朋友。

8.8 现在完成时

谓语形式：由have（has）+过去分词构成。主要有两个用法：

1. 表示过去发生的但对现在有影响的动作。

这时，可以不用时间状语，也可和一些表示不定过去的时间状语连用，常见的有already，yet，never，before，recently，just，ever，once等。例如：

I have been to Peking many times. 我多次去过北京。

They have already published the results of their experiments. 他们已经发表了实验的结果。

2. 表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在（可能还要继续下去）的动作。

常用于含有延续意义的动词，并且一般要跟一个表示一段时间的状语，如since，for two years，so far，in recent years等。例如：

He has lived here since 1949. 自从1949年以来，他一直住在这儿。

I have studied English for two years. 我学英语已经两年了。

8.9 过去完成时

谓语形式：由had+过去分词构成，表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作，常用一个由by，before等介词或连词引导的、表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语。这一时态，常用于宾语或定语从句中。例如：

John had learned some Chinese before he came to China. 约翰来中国以前，学过一些汉语。

By the end of last year, I had worked in this college for ten years. 到去年年底为止，我在这所学院工作已有十年了。

He found the book that he had lost. 他找到了他丢失的那本书。

8.10 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由have (has) + been+现在分词构成，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for hours，since this morning...例如：

They have been watching television for two hours. 他们已经看了两个小时的电视了。

He has been working on this essay since this morning. 自从今天早上起他一直在写那篇文章。

初中英语8种基本时态

一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二．种类：（基本时态）　　　　　一般现在时　　　一般过去时　　　　　　　现在进行时　　　过去进行时　　　　　一般将来时　　　过去将来时　　　　　现在完成时　　　过去完成时三．用法：1．一般现在时：1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋… She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country .4）第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s. play---plays stay---stays 例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。　　　　我在早上七点半起床。　　　　他每天七点去上班。　　　　我们经常下午打篮球。　　　　他喜欢音乐。　　　　地球围绕太阳转。　　　　火车六点出发。5）否定句和疑问句。　a)-----He is an engineer. -----He isn’t an engineer. -----Is he an engineer? -----Yes, he is ./ No, he isn’t. b)----We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -----We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning . -----Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ? -----Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. c)----He likes music. -----He doesn’t like music. -----Does he like music? -----Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn’t .2．一般过去时1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.过去时＋宾语＋…　例句：昨天他很忙。　　　　去年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。　3）否定句和疑问句。a)----He was busy yesterday. -----He wasn’t busy. -----Was he busy? -----Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.b)----He smoked last year. -----He didn’t smoke last year. -----Did he smoke last year? -----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.c)----He joined the army in 1990. -----He didn’t joined the army in 1990. -----Did he join the army in 1990? -----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.4）动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed. work---worked call----called laugh----laughed Explain----explained finish----finished knock----knocked b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d . live----lived change----changed smoke----smoked die----died graduate----graduated drive----drove c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed. study----studied carry----carried cry----cried try----tried marry----married d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed. play----played stay----stayed e)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed. stop----stopped plan----planned pat----patted f)动词不规则变化： do----did go----went come----came run----ran write----wrote begin----began drink----drank keep----kept leave----left sleep----slept make----made lie----lay dig----dug eat----ate know----knew cut----cut set----set let----let read----read hurt----hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。 去年我买了一辆自行车。 每天晚上我听音乐。 她通常待在家里。 两天前我完成了这项工作。复习：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.7) He (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (划线部分提问)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (划线部分提问)10) They joined the Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)11) I went to Beijing last year. (划线部分提问)3．一般将来时1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。2)句型结构：主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. ----She will be 20 years old. ----Will she be 20 years old? ----Yes, she will./ No, she won’t .3)主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋… be(am, is, are)going to They will have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) ----What will they do next Sunday ? ----When will they have a meeting?4) be about to＋V.原形 I am about to leave school.不能与表示时间的副词连用。They are about to set out.(√)They are about to set out soon.(×) 复习题： 1.He (do) his homework at school every day. 2.They (finish) their work yesterday. 3.We (visit) their farm next year. 4.我半小时后要吃午饭。 5.他将骑自行车去学校。 6.他们下周日将去买汽车。4．过去将来时 1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。 2）基本结构：主语+would/should was/were going to +V.原形+… He said that he would have a meeting next week. (He says that he will nave a meeting next week.) They said we should leave school tomorrow. (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5．现在进行时1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present 等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +… You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. We are studying English at present . It’s raining hard now.3）动词现在分词的构成① 一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo – doing read - readingwork – working think – thinkingstudy – studying go – goingwatch – watching jump - jumping② 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 – inglike – liking take – takingleave – leaving live – livingreceive – receiving dance – dancingcome – coming smoke – smoking write - writing③ 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop – stopping begin – beginningdig – digging swim – swimmingrun – running sit – sitting(注意：listen – listening open – opening eat – eating rain – raining sleep - sleeping)4) 6 ．过去进行时1） 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。2） 基本结构 主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +…1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren’t reading…Were you reading…What were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句 1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。 2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4. I ____ (do) my homework yesterday.5. He ____ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6. He ____ (do) his homework now. 7.现在完成时1） 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2．表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用 up to now, in the past, recently, by… , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just…2) 基本结构 主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)1. I’ve finished this work.2. He has ever been to Australia.3. I have not heard from her recently.4. I have already read this book. Have you read…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. What have you read?3) 过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如下 do did done go went goneeat ate eaten come came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunk give gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought bought tell told told make made madecut cut cut hurt hurt hurtread read read let let let 4） 注意1. 含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与 for, since 引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）A) I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （时间状语的区别）I ___ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3. 例句：他已经阅读了这本书。我们到目前为止已学习了两千个单词。他们居住在中国三年了。他看这部电影两次了。Bob 自从 1997 年在这所学校教学。 8.过去完成时1） 表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态， 强调“过去的过去”， 常与 by the time, by the end of…,before , by 等引导时间的状语连用。2） 基本结构 主语+ had + 动词过去分词 + …When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。He had learned English before he came here.他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.当我离开这个学校为止 他已教这个班级三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到这学期末我已学会了2000 个英语单词。

英语的八大时态标志词及结构表是什么

英语八大时态标志词及结构表如下：

英语的八大时态有：一般现在时（主语+do/does）、一般过去时（主语+did）、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。

一、一般现在时：主语+do/does(现在分词)

基本结构：①动词原形 ②主语第三人称单数：动词原形+s/es

三种常考基本用法：

1、经常性和习惯性动作

2、客观事实和普遍真理

3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中,一般现在表将来

常见时间状语：

always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.

二、一般过去时：主语+did

基本结构：动词的过去式

基本用法：

1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态

2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作

常见时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.

三、一般将来时：will do/

基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

基本用法：

1、（人）计划打算做某事

2、（事）即将发生

will/shall do

1、将来的动作和状态（相对较长远）

2、礼貌询问、客气邀请

3、意愿

常见时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段（格外注意）,etc.

四、现在进行时：主语+am/is/are doing

基本结构：am/is/are+现在分词

基本用法：

1、此时此刻正在进行的动作

2、现阶段正在进行的动作

常见时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

五、过去进行时：was/were doing

基本结构：was/were+现在分词

基本用法：

1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作

2、过去某时段正在进行的动作

常见时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.

六、过去将来时：was/were to /would do

基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.

基本用法：从过去时间点看将来,常用于宾语从句中.

常见时间状语：the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

七、现在完成时：have/has done

基本结构：have/has + 过去分词

基本用法：

1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

2、过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态

常见时间状语：recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+时间点,for+时间段, in the past few years, etc.

八、过去完成时：had done

基本结构：had + 过去分词

基本用法：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,即"过去的过去".

常见时间状语：before, after, by the end of last year(month…),etc.